درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective:Examining brand experience, value congruence,and customer engagement for tourism brand productivity.Given the significant effects that brand productivity in the tourism industry can have on a country's prosperity and economic progress, the primary objective of this research is to develop and empirically examine a conceptual model that elucidates the complex relationships among brand experience dimensions,brand value congruence, customer-brand identification, and brand productivity.Furthermore, the study investigates the moderating role of customer-brand engagement within this framework.Methods:The statistical population for this research comprises the tourists visiting the city of Isfahan.Given that the population is unlimited, a sample size of 400 participants was selected based on Cochran's formula, and the sampling method used was convenience sampling.The data was collected through a structured questionnaire.First, the validity and reliability of the measurement scales were assessed. Content validity and convergent validity were established, and the reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability calculations. The results of these assessments were satisfactory. For data analysis, the researchers employed structural equation modeling techniques, utilizing SPSS25 and SmartPLS3.0 software.Results: Sensory experience, effective experience, behavioral experience, intellectual experience and brand value congruence have a positive and significant effect on customer-brand identification.Customer-brand identification has a positive and significant effect on brand productivity.customer-rand engagement can moderate the effect of brand-customer value congruence on customer-brand identification.Conclusions:The results of this research will help the authorities to promote and improve brand productivity in the tourism industry by focusing on customer-brand engagement, brand value congruence and customer-brand identification,and considering different dimensions of customer experiences.

This study aims to explore the dynamics of financial contracting in Iranian startups and high-tech companies, with a particular focus on the challenges posed by information asymmetry between investors and entrepreneurs. We collected and analyzed data from 123 Iranian Shareholder Agreements (ShAs). We employed a range of descriptive statistics to provide a comprehensive summary of the data. Also, to explore the relationships between our variables, we utilized Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression. The terms and conditions of these contracts were examined to understand the diversity and influence of these terms and how they are applied in the real world in the context of Iran. We also investigated Iranian venture capitalists' behavior in obtaining cash flow rights and control rights, and a complete description is presented through various factors, including components of cash flow rights and control rights. Our analysis revealed a limited diversity in the terms and conditions of the contracts, suggesting a potential emulation of U.S. ShAs. We found that Iranian venture capitalists tend to secure maximum cash flow and control rights, exceeding their U.S. counterparts. Preferred stocks emerged as the primary choice for investing in startup companies. However, a detailed examination of the relationship between cash flow rights and control rights indicated a lack of a unified and coherent approach in contract design, reflecting a highly conservative stance among investors. This study contributes to understanding financial contracting dynamics in emerging markets like Iran. It highlights the gap between theoretical frameworks and real-world practices, shedding light on how these factors shape the relationships between investors and entrepreneurs.

When the economy encounters sudden foreign shocks, the current account is regarded as an important political priority. This paper has studied the effect of share price shocks on the current account in the member states of ECO from 2008-2012. It has tried to answer how the share price shocks affect fluctuations of the current account in the member states of ECO by using scientific methods. By using theValue at Risk(VaR)approach, the results obtained for the current account fluctuations variable revealed that share price, the ratio of the current account balance to GDP, and the nominal interest rate have the greatest effects onthis variable. Furthermore, the least explanatory power in the current account fluctuations pertains to GDP and consumer price variables