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Supply chains have experienced rapid growth in recent years. Focusing purely on economic performance to optimize costs or return on capital can no longer guarantee development or sustainability in the chain. Hence, the concepts of green SCM and SSCM emerged to emphasize the importance of social and environmental concerns along with economic factors in supply chain programming. Using the SD method and considering KM , this study investigates the variables related to this topic and the variables of sustainable supply chain management and it determines the relationships between these variables and their impact on the research purpose. To achieve this, first, previous studies are reviewed, and the relevant variables are extracted and finalized according to the experts. Next, SD modeling is designed and various scenarios are defined by changing the effective values of the system. Eventually, several policies are presented to achieve the optimal situation. The optimal values for the ten main influential variables are extracted according to the expert opinion and the effects shown in the model are determined by these changes.

The United States is the world's first producer and consumer of oil and play a special role in international oil market relations. In a sense, due to the differences in the energy programs of the parties of this country, we will see significant changes in the international energy markets. The Trump's economic thinking in business field is based on the neo-mercantilist while the Democrats believe in global and multilateral trade. The most important energy policies of the Republican Party are the development and expansion of fossil fuel production, increasing the share of the oil market, lifting environmental restrictions, confronting OPEC, and unilateralism in the oil and gas trade. In contrast, the Democrats' most important plans in the US election are to return to the Paris Agreement and re-impose environmental restrictions, reduce oil production through legal sanctions such as taxes, expand renewable energy and use financial resources to manage the oil market and trade convergence. The main question of this article is what effect do US parties energy programs have on the oil market? The method of this research is a qualitative in a descriptive-analytical manner using desk research.

The purpose of this research is designing an Total Interpretive/Structural Model for the Entrepreneurial Orientation of SEM Subsidiary Oil. In this qualitative and quantitative methodology, five university experts in the field of entrepreneurship participated in the meta-analysis and Delphi field to identify the research components and propositions from the same research and then to reach competence. The identified component theory and propositions were analyzed by Delphi analysis. In the quantitative part, with the participation of 25 managers of SMEs Subsidiary Oil Subsidiary Oil and using matrix questionnaires, the identified propositions were stratified into a range of most influential propositions to the least effective ones. The results in the qualitative analysis section illustrate the existence of 3 main components in the form of the 15 final statement based on theoretical adequacy and are quantitatively identified; (X4) As Entrepreneurial Tendency Component Propositions at the Level of Information Technology Capabilities and Proposals to Change Traditional Warehousing (X7); Agile Production by Scale-Saving (X8); and Cost Control through Timely Evaluation of Machinery Depreciation (X9) Entrepreneurial at the competitive level The most influential causes in the oriented SMEs Subsidiary Oil Technologically are the entrepreneurial businesses.

Companies need to exactly manage their assets to balance performance, risk, and cost. The ability of an equipment to provide a certain level of performance is influenced by its design, utilization, deterioration, and its life. On the other hand, in order to obtain the desired level of performance and reduce risk, proper planning of maintenance activities during the period must be done. To manage this issue, organizations must develop a suitable method for their assets from the acquisition stage to the disposal to obtain the required processes and, ultimately, to earn the desired profit. In this study, considering Pipe line as a case study and identifying the LCC, risks and three indicators includes of reliability, availability and maintainability as KPIs. They were weighted by using the opinions of eight expert and DANP method. The final weights of LCC, risk and KPI Respectively are: 0.269, 0.301 and 0.429. Considering different strategies in each phase of the asset life cycle, different scenarios described for the equipment life cycle as follows: 1)Buy- RCM- Replacement 2)Buy- RCM- Overhaul 3)Buy- CBM- Replacement 4)Buy- CBM- Overhaul 5)Buy- TPM- Replacement 6)Buy- TPM- Overhaul. Finally, based on the gained expert’s viewpoint from questionnaire and MOORA technique to rank the scenarios the desired scenario (Buy- TPM- Replacement) was selected.

Economic sanctions imposed on Heterogeneousstates have played an important role as a tool of pressure in recent decades. Considering that most non-conforming states with the US are important players on the energy market, a large part of this country’s sanctions policy has been focused on the energy sector. With the evolution of the US shale oil industry, using energy as a tool of sanctions against target countries has received increasing attention by US presidents in recent years. The US is using the geopolitical shift as an international strategy to compete with other powers in the energy sector such as Iran, Venezuela, and Russia. The US aims to use its energy embargo policy to curtail the influence of these players on the energy market and prevent their anti-American policies by fermenting economic crises within these countries. The question arises as to the extent of the effectiveness and sustainability of this US foreign policy strategy in a transitional international order. The article hypothesis is that due to inefficient unconventional resources in terms of market crisis, the rise of counter-hegemonic coalitions, and geopolitical tensions in regions such as the Middle East, one cannot be too optimistic about the sustainability of this situation. The authors of the article will endeavor to explain the above hypothesis within the framework of the hegemony theory and by using the trend-analysis technique, while addressing the driving forces.

The research on the Markowitz model and optimization of its portfolio using a variety of evaluation indicators and meta-beta-algorithms has always been the focus of attention of accounting and finance researchers. The results of studies carried out by various types of optimization methods are different in the Markowitz modified models. The purpose of this study is to measure the optimal portfolio and its corresponding return, with respect to the portfolio in the traditional Markowitz model, as well as to compare the position of the refining and petrochemical companies versus stock market outperformers, through integrating the operational criteria and the new indicators of liquidity using the genetic algorithm in the Markowitz model. Therefore, financial data related to the research variables for 35 cases of TSE-listed refinery and petrochemical companies from 2012 to 2016 fiscal years were extracted from Rahavard Novin database software and simulated by the genetic algorithm. The results show that returns on the stock portfolio optimized using the genetic algorithm and without considering the liquidity limitations and filters have a significant and positive difference with the return on the stock portfolios optimized with regard to the liquidity limitations and filters. Furthermore, the application of liquidity limitations and filters in the formation of optimal stock portfolios leads to a conservative increase in the choice of stocks (portfolio formation), which leads to a reduction in the risk and return of investment in such portfolios.

Today, the strategy of outsourcing management, in economic enterprises and especially in government organizations, is one of the most important issues in the field of procurement chain management and Strategic Alliance Management. This issue is of special importance in public organizations and institutions. Because these organizations usually have a wide range of missions and supply chains, and according to macro policies and strategies, they need a comprehensive plan for outsourcing. Despite this importance, few studies have addressed the models of outsourcing development in firms. The purpose of this paper is to explain the model of outsourcing development management in the oil and gas industry, based on using content analysis method and deductive approach to the theoretical framework developed in practice through case analysis in Iranian Gas Transmission Company as the company with the most physical assets control on Iran. With this aim, the information required for the research, in addition to the researchers' observation and reviewing the related documents, was obtained through interviews with a significant population of senior managers and experts in the Iranian oil and gas industry. Using theme analysis method, this information was analyzed and the expected situation of the outsourcing development management in the industry, and the impact and interactions, were described and explained.

Unlike many arbitrations, the arbitration procedure for price reviews in gas industry contracts is not based on allegations that one party has breached a contract or otherwise committed a legal wrong. Instead, arbitrators are asked to determine whether the economics of a contract has been changed in the market, and thus should be adjusted and, if so, to establish a new price formula. Due to the complexity of revision of gas prices, the gas experts have significant role in these arbitrations. Regarding the role of gas experts, gas price arbitrations have specific nature. In this article, the nature of these arbitrations is examined to establish whether they are arbitration or expert determination as one of Alternative Dispute Resolutions (ADR). As Iran has the second proven natural gas resources worldwide and is the third natural gas producer in the world, so, Iran- Turkey case will come under scrutiny in this article.

Today, random and intelligent risks have made supply management disruptive much more than before. Over the past decade, many supply network (SN) disruptions in oil and gas industry have been due to the deliberate risks posed by international sanctions. Undoubtedly, resilience in general and resilience of SN in particular has been a systematic approach for firms and organizations to deal with disruptions. This study aimed to measure, assess and compare the resilience of SNs in oil and gas companies based on mixed approach: Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS). The statistical population of the study consisted of 11 subsidiaries of the National Iranian Oil Company. A robust systematic review of the literature was conducted to collect all the crucial components of supply network resilience (SNR) from 608 articles that ultimately resulted in 40 key factors based on the context-intervention-mechanism-outcome logic (CIMO-logic). Quantitative analysis was carried out in the upstream sector of 3 subsidiaries of Iranian Central Oil Fields Company (ICOFC) including South Zagros, East and West Oil and Gas Production Companies. The results demonstrated a relationship between components and their measurement in upstream companies. A further finding is that South Zagros Oil and Gas Production Company was more resilient than the other two companies.