شناخت علل، ماهیت و پیامدهای پدیده سیاه چاله سیاست زدگی؛ بررسی تجربه ی زیسته مدیران آموزش وپرورش با راهبرد پدیدارشناسی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، مفهوم سازی پیرامون چیستی و جوهره سیاه چاله سیاست زدگی در وزارت آموزش وپرورش است. روش پژوهش حاضر، کیفی و راهبرد مورد استفاده، راهبرد پدیدارشناسی است. در این پژوهش از مصاحبه های نیمه ساختاریافته برای گردآوری داده ها استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق تمامی خبرگان آشنا به موضوع تحقیق بودند و برای انتخاب مصاحبه شوندگان از نمونه گیری هدفمند استفاده شد. بدین منظور با 17 نفر از خبرگان و مدیران آموزش وپرورش مصاحبه صورت گرفت که دو مصاحبه به علت نامرتبط بودن کنار گذاشته شدند. برای تعیین حجم نمونه از شاخص اشباع داده ها استفاده شد. کدگذاری داده ها با روش تحلیل مضمون انجام شد و بدین منظور از نرم افزار MAXQDA نسخه 2020 بهره برداری شده است. پس از اجرای مصاحبه ها و مکتوب کردن آن ها هشت مؤلفه در سه بعد اصلی (ماهیت، علل و پیامدها) شناسایی شدند. یافته های تحقیق نشان داد پدیده سیاه چاله سیاست زدگی در وزارت آموزش وپرورش شامل ماهیتی مدیریتی، ایدئولوژیک و سیاسی است. این پدیده شامل 1- سیاست زدگی مدیریت منابع انسانی در فرآیند انتصاب، ارتقاء و حقوق و مزایا، 2- نفوذ بیش ازحد مباحث ایدئولوژیک در اهداف و محتواهای آموزشی و 3- مداخلات سیاسی در ساختار و برنامه های اداری و آموزشی و عزل و نصب ها بود؛ عوامل ایجاد پدیده حاوی 1- عوامل سازمانی شامل ویژگی های فردی، همسوئی ساختاری و گستردگی سازمانی و 2- عوامل زمینه ای شامل عدم پایبندی به قوانین و تمایلات نامطلوب فرهنگی و پیامدهای پدیده شامل 1- پیامدهای فردی شامل آموزشی و تربیتی، 2- پیامدهای سازمانی شامل ضعف در برنامه ریزی و اجرا، فقدان شایسته سالاری و وجود کوتوله پروری، عدم ثبات سازمانی و بهره وری پایین نیروی انسانی و 3- پیامدهای محیطی مانند پیامدهای اقتصادی، فرهنگی و اجتماعی بود.Recognizing the Nature, Causes, and Consequences of the phenomenon of Politicization Black Hole: Investigating the Lived Experience of Education Managers using Phenomenology Strategy
1- INTRODUCTIONDespite the importance of the organizational black hole as a phenomenon that prevents the organization from achieving its goals, the conceptual scope of this research area is still vague and unclear. The current research aims to explain the organizational black hole concept and to identify its consequences in the Ministry of Education and Training. Conceptualizing the organizational black hole by investigating the individuals' lived experiences, this research has improved the understanding and perception of this relatively unknown phenomenon. 2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKPrevious research in the literature has sporadically investigated the components of the organizational black hole and yet not presented a comprehensive model for its affecting factors in the administrative system. This shows the lack of consensus on this phenomenon's nature, causes, and consequences. Therefore, studies should take action to create conceptual and practical unity of this phenomenon to help comprehensively understand it. Moreover, it is necessary to make a precise demarcation between the organizational black hole and the other related issues, as the total of organizational bottlenecks and inadequacies does not represent it. Accordingly, while defining the organizational black hole and identifying its causes and consequences; this research differentiates it from other problems and challenges. 3- METHODOLOGYThe approach of this research is qualitative and the strategy used is phenomenology. To gather data, the present study conducted semi-structured interviews with 17 experts and managers (from all management levels, including the provincial general managers and deputies, district managers and deputies, and school principals) in departments and organizations of the Ministry of Education and Training, with two interviews discarded. Since these people were known to the researcher, purposeful sampling was used to select the interviewees. The theoretical saturation index was used to determine the sample size. Although the researchers found, after 11 interviews, that the obtained data was being repeated, they continued to 6 additional interviews to ensure data saturation. The gathered data was analyzed using the thematic analysis method. 4- RESULTS & DISCUSSIONThis research conceptualized a construct containing the meaning, causes, and consequences of the politicization black hole in the Ministry of Education and Training. This phenomenon includes managerial, ideological, and political components. The core phenomenon was comprised of a) politicization of human resources management in the process of appointment, promotion, rights, and benefits, b) excessive influence of ideological discussions in educational goals and contents, and c) political interventions in the structure and administrative and educational programs and dismissals and appointment. The causes include a) organizational factors (individual characteristics, structural alignment, and the organizational extent) and b) contextual factors (non-adherence to laws and undesirable cultural tendencies). Consequences include a) individual (educational and training), b) organizational (weakness in planning and implementation, lack of meritocracy and the existence of dwarfism, lack of organizational stability, and low productivity of human resources), and c) environmental (economic, cultural and social factors). Finally, a one-to-one correspondence was established between the politicization black hole and its consequences. 5- CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONSAbout the causes, two organizing and five basic themes were extracted. Regarding the essence, three organizing and eight basic themes were identified. Concerning the consequences, three organizing and nine basic themes were obtained. The current research has taken a comprehensive look at the politicization black hole for the first time in the Ministry of Education and Training. Given its novelty, this research can be useful for organizations with similar psychometric profiles, considering its limitations. The first one is the lack of adequate research and evidence which caused a theoretical vacuum. The other one was the difficulty in recording, classifying, and analyzing the excessive data. Future researchers are recommended to capture the concept of the politicization black hole in other organizations. Furthermore, they may utilize other qualitative and quantitative research methods to expand the scope and findings of the current research.
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